Journal of Iranian Social Studies

Abstract Covid-19 has become a nasty pandemic whose effects have been recognized to the point of collective trauma. Measures and protocols to deal with this pandemic have almost as many consequences as the disease itself, and the home and family as the safest and, of course, the most important center for combating the disease have become very important due to the intensification of measures such as social distancing and quarantine. And of course, at the same time, it has faced serious dangers from violence to separation and educational crisis, and so on.
The present article has performed a qualitative analysis to identify family relationships and hazards in Kurdistan during this crisis. The method of the present study has been expensive theory and a sample of key experts and informants that has continued to the point of saturation of interviews.
The results of the study indicate that returning home and staying in it to deal with Corona has caused the importance of mother and wife in family relationships, but this importance does not really mean secrecy and sorrow and rather has been painful and painful. The results also indicate the prominence of categories such as social subordination, family atomization, educational and leisure crisis and such cases as central categories.

Abstract Paying attention to educational contents that are limited to educating responsible citizens and global citizens in society, especially in crises, is one of the main goals of educational systems. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to combine the competencies of the global citizen to coexist with Corona in the education system. For this purpose, a qualitative research was conducted in a meta-combined manner using the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007). In order to systematically review five English language databases including Scopus, Emerald, Science Direct, Springer and ProQuest for foreign studies and two Persian language databases including National Database and "Academic Jihad Scientific Database" were selected. And related articles were collected in the period of 2019 to 2020 (31 articles). In the network analysis of topics with keywords related to the research goal of 28 basic themes (virtual learning, virtual education, distance learning, electronic evaluation, virtual education media, technological intelligence, economic intelligence, social intelligence, Cultural intelligence, underlying disease, adherence to health advice, periodic examinations, social distance, usability and mobile phone, use of distance learning, sense of social belonging, respect for collective needs, underlying diseases, health advice, examinations Periodic, practice of bio-ethical-personal norms, attention to environmental conditions, change), 6 organizing themes (virtual education, multiple intelligences, health awareness, self-protection strategies, skills of working with virtual education tools, responsibility) And three comprehensive themes (knowledge, skills, attitude) were obtained.

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate the religion-based social conflicts over the past half century in Kurdistan province, Iran. The research uses a qualitative approach and interviews with key experts in this regard. In addition, documents including biographies, books and newspapers have been used. Findings are based on geographical dispersion and distribution of the conflicts among different groups. Social conflicts related to religion in Kurdistan are divided into the following seven categories of religion-based social conflicts in Kurdistan including “religion as the eliminator of conflicts”, “religion as the concealer of conflicts”, “religion as the representer of conflicts”, “religion as the perpetuator of conflicts”, “religion as strengthener and intensifier of conflicts”, “religion as source and origin of social conflicts” and “religion as underminer of conflicts” are extracted. Each of the said conflicts has arisen between intellectual groups with different religious attitudes or religious groups with secular thinking attitudes. These conflicts have sometimes been embodied in the form of conflicting views, and sometimes in the form of physical and force majeure. These conflicts are sometimes strengthened and undermined by religion in the form of a process and long term, or are immediate and short term.

These conflicts are sometimes strengthened and undermined by religion in the form of a process and long term, or are immediate and short term.

Abstract Lack of methodological studies in the field of families of injured vetrans led the present study to answer the following main question: What are the challenges of veterans' spouses in playing family roles and what categories are mainly organized around? Methodologically the research is qualitative and based on a phenomenological approach, and researcher has tried to gain an understanding of the specific challenges of daily life with a veteran through semi-structured interviews with 30 veterans' spouses.
The centralized categories are the burden of the role resulting from the simultaneous performance of the role of nurse, spouse, extended motherhood, the economic dissatisfaction that occurs due to disruption of the role of male breadwinner and is exacerbated by the experience of poverty or financial misunderstanding. Incomplete marriage that occurs due to sexual dissatisfaction, unresolved marital conflict, and persistent domestic violence anxiety.These categories lead us to the main theme of the experience of veterans' wives, which is depression of the role. Spouses as social actors overcome discouragement of the role by changing expectations and redefining the role, or abandon the role of veteran spouse and choose separation.

Abstract Social capital is property and credit that results from social relationships. Having this capital reduces the cost, increases the effectiveness and optimizes things for the exploitation of other funds. Based on this, organizations try to achieve this goal by polling the amount of social capital in the society. The purpose of this article is to analyze the state of social capital in Qazvin province and develop appropriate strategies for its promotion. The current research is a survey type that seeks to present an image of the amount of social capital among people over the age of eighteen in twelve central cities and twelve villages of Qazvin province. The size of the research sample using Cochran's formula is 2266 people. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, Friedman's test, and the most effective factors were identified at the macro, medium and micro levels. Based on the results of the Friedman test, among the components of social capital, at the macro level the component of thinking about the system's performance in solving problems, at the intermediate level, the readiness to participate in helping organizations, and at the micro level, social generalism have the highest rank. The status of the components of social capital at the macro and medium level is lower than the average and only at the micro level, it is slightly higher than the average, which requires that the trustee organizations try to improve this situation by adopting future-oriented approaches and presenting appropriate strategies and solutions.

Abstract Based on grounded theory, the present paper aims to answer the question that, "How do the binary transsexual people understand and experience their gender identity?". For this purpose, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted based on theoretical sampling and in accordance with the logic of theoretical saturation.
“Excluded identification” is the main category which has been abstracted from the four major categories Which are “confused identity”,“suspended identity”,”imperfect identity”,and “developed identity”. These four identities are output from three different stages of their lives. The first stage involves a period in which they are unaware of their transgender gender identity. The second stage covers the interval between awareness of gender identity and gender affirming surgery, and the last stage is related to the postoperative period.
Findings show through identification dialectic of inside and outside, In the stage of confusion and suspension, excluding encounter from others(outside) forms the dominant side of this dialectic. Attempts to eliminate the trace of being a trans in imperfect identity also reproduce the binary structure and discourse that exclude and does not accept them.
It seems that it is only in the developed identity that one's agency, the inner side of this dialectic, is given the opportunity to resist the dominant binary excluding structure, identify herself or himself beyond gender and even reciprocally do not accept the ruling discourse and exclude it through the non binary discourse.