نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشکدۀ جامعه‌شناسی و مطالعات مالایی، دانشگاه ملی سنگاپور، سنگاپور
چکیده
دورۀ اصلی تفکر العطاس را دوران استعمار، به‌ویژه مالایای بریتانیا و هند شرقی هلند تشکیل می‌دهد. او به‌عنوان یک دانشجو در دانشگاه آمستردام در دهۀ 1950 میلادی، اولین مقالۀ خود را دربارۀ مسئله استعمار نوشت و مسائل ایجادشده توسط استعمار را به سه دسته تقسیم کرد. دستۀ سوم که در این مقاله به آن پرداخته خواهد شد، مشکلات غیرمادی، یعنی جامعه‌شناسانه، روانشناختی و مسائل اخلاقی خلقشده توسط استعمار است که به نظر العطاس بیشتر صدمات استعمار از همین دسته به جوامع تحت استعمار رسیده و همین حوزه است که مانع رسیدن به راه‌حل برای بسیاری از مسائل اجتماعی شده است. در همین دوره بود که العطاس نقش بسیار مهمی برای نخبگان در توسعه قائل شد. به عقیدۀ او نخبگان حاکم که تربیتشدۀ دوران استعمار هستند دارای کمبود یک نظام فکری یکپارچه بودند و نتوانستند سنتزی میان میراث فرهنگی خود و تفکر غربی پیدا کنند. این مقاله نگرش و رویکرد استعمارزدایانۀ العطاس را از منظر نظری، روش‌شناسی و بسترهای موجود شرح می‌دهد.
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