Journal of Iranian Social Studies

Abstract Basically determination of imprisonment between 3-10 years for murderer provided that the case does not lead to retribution, must be determined based on severity of crime, murderer characteristic and record.
In this study, using the theory of social structure as a theoretical support, the relationship between the time of imprisonment with the type of lethal weapon, the number of shots, the type of behavior with corpse, sexual harassment of the victim, precedent of decision, mass quarrel during murder, citizenship and addiction of the murderer, the way of access to murderer, murderer sex and marital status, consumption of alcohol, sex and citizenship of the victim and the time of consent of the victims family were examined.
The method used in the present study is survey and the technique of observing and studying files has been used to collect information. The population included the murder cases which have been sued at Tehran criminal court in the period of 2001-2007, from which 60 cases were selected as a sample. Pearson’s correlation, T-Test independent and One-way- ANOVA were used for data analysis. According to the research findings, there was no significant difference in the average of imprisonment in different groups of independent variables. While there was a significant relationship between the time of declaration of consent of the parents and the amount of imprisonment
 
 

Abstract This qualitative study aims to investigate how Iranian youth manage their transition to marriage in facing uncertain circumstances. It suggests that youth use active, passive, and flexible strategies to manage their marriage. It also points out that, in an adaptable and flexible way, they devise their management procedures based on their situation and available resources. This implies that marriage management is becoming more individualized. However, it is still influenced by structural variables such as gender and class. While Giddens views life planning as the dominant modern worldview and introduces life as a meaningful living with an accounting attitude the current study finds that such mastery of accounting planning is not evident in youth marriage management. In comparison to Leccardi, who believes that biographies are created by trial and error and that life takes a vague and unpredictable path with no specific objectives, this study claims that youth still have bright insights into their lives and behave based on planning and strategy.
 
 

Abstract Secularization has caused the role of religion and its functions in the social and individual context to collapse. Modernity and its components (globalization, individualism, scientism) intensified the process of secularization. This research investigated the effect of modernity components on the dimensions of secularization of graduate students of Yazd University. The variables were measured using a researcher-made questionnaire and a stratified sampling process was used for sampling. The results indicate a direct and significant relationship between the components of modernity (individualism, globalization, and scientism) and the students’ secularization (P <0.001). The structural equation model shows that the effect of the components of modernity on the secularization of students is 0.47, which indicates the direct relationship between these two variables. In general, the research findings show that modernity and its components have played a key role in expanding the secularization process in a way that it is easier for young people and students to embrace the elements of secularization and management due to generational changes.
 
 

Abstract Money plays a very important role in our increasingly commercialized world. People's attitudes toward money determines their behavior about money-related matters. Individual’s attitude towards money depends on various factors including childhood experiences, education, financial and social status. This study was conducted among 384 people of Yazd to investigate their attitude towards money and related social factors. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. Findings show that the majority of respondents had the middle attitude towards money, but the percentage of respondents who had a negative attitude (2/3%) was lower than those who had a positive attitude (15/1 %).  Based on the results, the variables of religiosity, secularism, and income were directly related to attitudes toward money, while age, education and hope for the future indirectly affect attitudes toward money. Single employed men had the most positive attitudes and single employed women had the most negative attitudes toward money. The results indicate that religiosity (-0/437) decreases and income (0/18) and secularism (0/287) increases, the positive attitude towards money. Finally, according to the regression model, religiosity, employment, consumerism, and hope for the future, explain 28% of variation in attitude towards money. 
 
 

Abstract Cultural, ethnic and religious diversity of Iran is one of the unique features of this country. Sabei Mandaeans are one of the most marginalized religious and ethnic minorities living in Khuzestan province. One of the traditional occupations by which they are recognized today is enameling on gold and silver. This article aims to describe and interpret the Sabei Mandaeans professional practice of goldsmith and enameling on gold and silver and its continuation to the present day. The study is a qualitative research that was conducted using an ethnographic approach. The semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the thematic method. According to the research findings, there is a close link between the Sabeis profession and occupation and their religious-ethnic identity, which has led to the continuation of goldsmith and enameling on gold and silver among them. The findings of this study also show that Sabei Mandaeans engaged in the profession of goldsmith and enameling use the language of image and enameling on precious metals to express their religious beliefs and history and that they use it as a tool for "ethnic and religious identification".
 

Abstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), are manifestation of trust and moderators of macroeconomic and political activities, but if they enter without a plan or their activities interfere with each other or with the government, they may become a threat to society. In Harandi neighborhood (former Darvazeh Ghaar) in Tehran, due to the presence of numerous social issues, several NGOs have entered to reduce the problems. Despite their achievements of these teams, the interferences and parallel work with governmental plans have resulted in new problems. This research through theoretical studies, observations, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, as well as the formation of focus groups with neighborhood residents and NGOs introduce new theoretical approaches in the field of cooperation space of civil institutions. These are implemented based on three levels of consensus (values), conflict (contradictory regime of truth) and interpretive (symbols). It seeks to provide the requirements for creating a cooperation space among residents of Harandi neighborhood. According to the model, the most important features include the existence of areas of convergence in spite of the increasing competition between them, the dominance of commonsense views over scientific attitudes, the dispersion of normative sources about human rights,  psychological principles, dominance of material and external values such as attention to salary and income, less attention to emotional values such as interaction with other NGOs, less attention to cognitive values such as creativity and learning new knowledge.