The formulation and implementation of the code of conduct and guidelines
[1] of professional ethics in science are one of the most necessary and obvious actions of scientific associations in promoting the ethics of science, which are usually formulated within the framework of the intended field and scientific activity.
By Focusing on a sample of the code of conduct of the scientific associations, this paper seeks to answer these questions: What are the principles of professional ethics among scientific associations? Upon which principles are the scientific associations in mutual agreement? And to what extent is this agreement? In order to answer the aforementioned questions , we investigated 235 codes of professional ethics written in the code of conduct of 28 scientific associations.
The findings showed that although the professional codes have a multiple diverse structure and include 20 main codes in total with different frequencies. The culture of each scientific field affects the determination of the principles of professional ethics and appropriateness of the field to the expectations from the professionals in that field in proportion to the nature of the field and its subject matter. There is a further agreement on some codes in scientific associations that are called "agreement codes". They form the main core of the code of conduct. On the other hand, we have specific diverse codes called "differentiation codes" that have been formed in terms of the cultural diversity of the scientific field. Overall, the most important achievement of this study was to obtain a glimpse of professional codes among the scientific community.
[1] . Ethics guideline and code of conduct are concepts that are used
together or interchangeably in texts. In this text we also have no sensitivity to use or focus on one concept.
