The aim of this research is to study the consequences of development on the trend of suicide in the provinces of the country (31 provinces). The study employs a longitudinal, within-country comparative method, with the unit of analysis being each province over time. Data were collected using documentary research techniques, including books, articles, theses, previous research, and secondary data from relevant government websites.
The findings reveal a significant relationship between development indicators and suicide rates. Specifically, social development (urbanization, industrialization, GDP), economic development (Gini coefficient, unemployment/employment, and poverty), and human development (literacy, education, life expectancy) are all associated with suicide trends. Ultimately, poverty, as an indicator of provincial underdevelopment, has shown an inverse and decreasing effect-contrary to the claims and findings of other researchers who suggest an increasing effect of poverty on suicide. Higher poverty rates were associated with lower suicide rates. Meanwhile, rapid urbanization and industrialization have had an increasing effect on the suicide rate.
In conclusion, the effects of development on suicide are multifaceted. While certain aspects may contribute to an increase, development overall—particularly in its broader social and human dimensions—appears to reduce suicide rates. Thus, development is not solely associated with negative outcomes, but also has a positive, mitigating impact on suicide.