Journal of Iranian Social Studies

Abstract With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the economic and social changes in societies has affected the private sector dramatically. The economic pressures of unemployment for either men or women, increasing the caregiving roles, and the burden of children's online education have resulted in changes in the family function, especially in the gender roles of women. The present study by employing a comparative approach aimed to study the experiences of multiple roles caused by Covid-19 disease based on the theory of care ethics in developed and developing countries with a qualitative research method. Findings from different countries revealed that women are more likely to lose their jobs and carry more parenting roles due to their caring ethics. Thus, there is a large gender gap between men and women and there is no difference between developed and developing countries.

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus has affected family lifestyles and interactions. This research was conducted using a quantitative survey method. A sample of 400 families who have at least one member of their families infected and/or died with corona infection was selected. The results show that the average level of individual prevention is high and the average level of social communication control is low. There is a significant relationship between prevalence of corona infection and masking behavior, the couple's relationship with parents and siblings, relationship with family, relationship with friends, and city sightseeing.  There is a direct relationship between prevalence of disease and the age of individuals, level of education and the number of family members who have contact with outdoor. The individual and family prevention in hospitalized people was lower than those without hospitalization. The rate of social communication was also higher in those admitted than in those without need for hospitalization. The rate of social communication and presence in society has been higher among people who infected two times. 

Abstract The corona epidemic had many consequences for all people in all societies. The present study examines the experiences of older women and seeks to identify the consequences they perceived and the strategies they adopted. The research method is qualitative, based on "Grounded Theory". The samples were purposefully selected through the snowball sampling method and the interviews were continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage. The research findings show eight categories, of which four are about the consequences and four are about the strategies. Consequential categories include changes in daily life for the post-corona period, difficulties in adhering to health tips, stigma and notoriety for corona disease, and psychological distress. Categories related to strategies include disease control and prevention, increasing the spirit of responsibility, trying to adapt to the situation, and performing risky behaviors.

Abstract Covid-19 has become a nasty pandemic whose effects have been recognized to the point of collective trauma. Measures and protocols to deal with this pandemic have almost as many consequences as the disease itself, and the home and family as the safest and, of course, the most important center for combating the disease have become very important due to the intensification of measures such as social distancing and quarantine. And of course, at the same time, it has faced serious dangers from violence to separation and educational crisis, and so on.
The present article has performed a qualitative analysis to identify family relationships and hazards in Kurdistan during this crisis. The method of the present study has been expensive theory and a sample of key experts and informants that has continued to the point of saturation of interviews.
The results of the study indicate that returning home and staying in it to deal with Corona has caused the importance of mother and wife in family relationships, but this importance does not really mean secrecy and sorrow and rather has been painful and painful. The results also indicate the prominence of categories such as social subordination, family atomization, educational and leisure crisis and such cases as central categories.

Abstract This study explores the lived experience of cleaning and construction workers in Tehran’s District 17 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The reason for selecting these groups of workers was their marginal situation. The theoretical concepts of objective inequality, interpretive inequality, subjective powerlessness, and stigma were used to analyze the data in this study. The study’s methodological approach is interpretative phenomenology, with in-depth interviews and narrative analysis. Seven male construction workers and five female cleaning workers made up the sample. The participants lived in Tehran district 17 and were selected using targeted and snowball sampling. The results indicate that the pandemic has intensified the marginalization of these two groups. A wide gap between Coronavirus policies and the reality on the ground was obvious. All policymakers' plan and programs are limited to cash and non-cash donations, thereby reducing policymaking to institutional charity work with little concern on the structural position of the lower classes of society.