Journal of Iranian Social Studies

Abstract Gender inequality is one of the challenges that can be found in most societies and is affected by a variety of factors. The main objective of this study is to compare the perception of gender inequality between mothers and daughters and to examine social factors influencing that perception. The study was a survey and the population was all married women aged 30 - 64 years and 15-19-year-old daughters in the city of Yazd. The sampling was based on a multistage probability method and the sample size was 488 people. The theoretical framework is based on the theory of gender socialization, gender stratification, liberal feminism, and Blood and Wolf's theory of resources. The findings show that the relationship between gender socialization, gender role-play, gender ideology, gender stereotyped-beliefs, gender norms, decision-making based on the framework of family control, and a sense of gender inequality is positive and significant.

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the citizenship culture and its influential factors among residents of Lorestan province aged 18 to 65. The main questions of study are related to the status of citizenship culture in Lorestan province and the factors affecting it. The method of study is quantitative based on sample survey. Sample size of 852 were selected via Probability multi-stage sampling. The sample includes residents of Khoramabad, Broujerd, Alighodarz, Kouhdasht, Alashtar and Poldokhtar. From each city one town and two villages were selected based on their population .In the present study the Civil and New Republicanism approach and a combination of theories of Marshal, Turner, Janoski, Rothstein were utilized. The results of the data analysis show that the average score of Citizenship Culture Index is 108.07 out 140, which is relatively high. The results show that although there is a significant difference in citizenship culture based on the origin of citizenship (rural, tribal and urban), the mean scores of citizenship culture did not show a significant difference between men and women. There was also no significant relationship between the variables of socioeconomic status and the use of mass media with citizenship culture. The results of Pearson correlation test confirmed the positive and strong relationship between social identity, feeling of economic security, social trust and tendency to ethnic and tribal affiliation and perception of political system performance with citizenship culture. The results of the structural equation modeling with AMOS also show that the above variables can explain 53% of the total variance of the dependent variable of citizenship culture.