Journal of Iranian Social Studies

Abstract The purpose of this research is to compare and contrast the border and non-border counties and provinces of Iran, with respect to demographic, economic, and social indicators. The study method was based on the secondary analysis of the data obtained from the census of 2016 and the statistical yearbooks of 2016. In regard to sociodemographic factors such as literacy status and education level, the results indicate that the border regions differ substantially from the non-border regions. Statistical evidence supports this distinction at both levels. Consequently, border provinces and counties have a lower literacy rate, and the percentage of individuals possessing a higher education is also lesser in the bordering provinces and counties compared to the non-bordering provinces and counties. The findings indicate that border regions exhibit a greater prevalence of unemployment, particularly among the youth, in comparison to non-border areas. Furthermore, apart from the evident social disparities that exist between border and non-border regions, demographic attributes including urbanization ratio, migration rate, and average age also manifest conspicuous and discernible distinctions between the aforementioned areas. Inadequate access to educational facilities and resources, limited employment prospects, and a concentration of resources and facilities in central regions have all contributed to the movement of people from border regions to central regions.