Journal of Iranian Social Studies

Abstract In addition to the class gap, Iran's border regions also suffer from regional spatial injustice. In the field of social justice and urban spatial justice, a lot of quantitative research has been done in various fields of social sciences, urban planning, etc., but regional spatial justice" has been neglected. This research examines social policies regarding the development of border regions with an emphasis on regional spatial justice with the qualitative method of critical discourse analysis with the Farclough-Laclave and Mouffe approach at the levels of description, interpretation and explanation.
In the post -revolution  5-year development plans, there is no article or note regarding the development of border areas, except, a  part of Article 204 of the Fifth Development Plan, which deals with investment and sustainable livelihood of border dwellers and border industrial towns. Social policies and development plans after the revolution, influenced by layering discourses. in the upper layer, fixed supra-discourse of the government of the Islamic Revolution stands, while in the middle layer, there are variable government discourses, and in the inner layer, there are development discourses. This layering creates a discourse order in which development plans for border areas are articulated as plans emphasizing on regional spatial justice. In these social policies, which are under influence of ideological- discursive formulation, posterior and distributive justice was preferred to a priori and procedural justice. But, the development of Iran's border regions with an emphasis on regional spatial justice, requires a combined approach of procedural-distributive justice and the rule of  an evolutionary discursive  order  instead of   an antagonistic one.
 
 

Abstract More than half a century has passed from concentration and integrity of the rural affairs administration, from the constitutional period to the land reform. The purpose of this study is to identify the way of organizing rural affairs during the expansion of the land ownership system from constitutional revolution to the implementation of the land reform programs. The method of this research is qualitative. The authors analyzed the data from the documents and interviews using thematic analysis. The statistical population of this study is the villages of the southern part of Gorkan, Mobarakeh. In order to collect information 50 Key Informant of village managers were interviewed. The findings show that land ownership has been expanded and recognized by the abolition of feudalist ownership, which has resulted in the formation of centralized management of rural affairs. Among the important findings of this study was recognition of the centralized management of the village with the owner of the village administration in water management, the establishing discipline and security in the village, communication management, production management and the owner's support, especially in the construction of roads, schools and public places.
 The results of this research indicate that cooperation, holistic approach, support, empiricism, low intervention of government, and the lack of bureaucracy were the most important social features of the rural management during the period.